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Water treatment media are materials used in water filtration and purification processes to remove contaminants, particles, chemicals, and microorganisms from water. These media are critical in ensuring water meets the required quality standards for drinking, industrial, or environmental applications. Common types of water treatment media include sand, activated carbon, resins, zeolite, gravel, and ceramic. Each type of media serves a specific function: for example, activated carbon is widely used to remove organic compounds, chlorine, and bad odors from water, while sand is used for basic filtration to trap larger particles. Ion exchange resins are often used to soften water by replacing calcium and magnesium ions with sodium ions. Water treatment media can be used in different filtration stages, including pre-treatment (to remove large particles), secondary treatment (to address chemical contaminants), and final polishing (to ensure microbiological safety). In applications such as municipal water treatment, wastewater treatment, and point-of-use filtration, the choice of media plays a crucial role in achieving clean, safe, and high-quality water. Proper maintenance and replacement of water treatment media are essential to ensure the continuous efficiency of the filtration process.